Wash and quarter the apples. Place them in a large roasting pan. Pour half of the cider (3/4 cup) over the apples. Sprinkle the dark brown sugar evenly on top and dot with butter.
Place the roasting pan in the preheated oven and roast the apples for about 30 minutes, or until they are soft and slightly caramelized.
Remove the pan from the oven. Transfer the roasted apples and all the liquid from the roasting pan into a heavy-bottomed pot. If you have a food mill or ricer, press the apples through it into the pot to achieve a smoother consistency. If you don't, you can use a blender or a food processor to puree the apples, then transfer back to the pot.
Add remaining apple cider, apple cider vinegar, and the spices to the pot. Stir well to combine.
Cook the mixture over low heat, stirring occasionally, for about 45 minutes to 1 hour or until the apple butter has thickened and taken on a glossy appearance.
Once cooked, allow the apple butter to cool. Refrigerate until ready to consume.